Tuesday 31 October 2017

How I Dealt with Depression After Brain Surgery

post-behavior-brain

Once again I was on the phone to my friend, sobbing. She’d put up with my tears every day since I left the hospital. Two or three daily meltdowns were the norm.

Many of my tears were over things that would have merely irritated me before: misplaced scissors, dirty socks in the middle of the living room, a brief computer glitch.

I have cavernous angiomas, tangles of malformed blood vessels, scattered throughout my brain. Two of them — one larger than a golf ball in my right parietal lobe, and the other, smaller, in my brain stem — had bled, and I underwent brain surgeries to remove them.

The bleeds and surgeries led to side effects including loss of balance, vertigo, nystagmus, trouble with sensory overload, and a number of cognitive deficits. My emotions also seemed volatile. I expected that my emotions would settle down as my brain healed. They didn’t.

After putting up with about a month’s worth of meltdowns, my friend spoke up. “I think you need meds.”

I was shocked. The possibility of psychiatric medication had not occurred to me. The people I knew who needed it had major issues: a cousin whose mother had died when she was ten years old, a friend who had been suicidal, a student with bipolar disorder. I wasn’t depressed. I just got really upset too easily. I was just fragile, and, given what I’d been through, that was understandable.

I wasn’t in denial over my emotional state. Aware of my extreme vulnerability, I’d been proactive: I’d started seeing a psychotherapist regularly within days of my return home from the hospital. I had things under control.

I knew that brain injury can cause chemical imbalances, which can lead to clinical depression. In one account I read, a patient lamented not having gone on antidepressants sooner. Feeling fortunate that I wasn’t in that bad of shape, I sympathized with those who were.

I didn’t need meds.

Over the next few weeks, as the tears flowed more often and more freely, my friend grew more insistent. I continued to resist, explaining away my vulnerabilities. It was normal to grieve over losses. I blamed really bad days on my menstrual cycle.

But as the severity and frequency of my meltdowns increased, I had more trouble rationalizing.

I spiraled into the abyss and finally reached the bottom. I felt desolate. I knew I was a burden on everyone around me and that my life wasn’t much of a life. Suicide seemed logical, perhaps the only solution.

I kept my suicidal thoughts secret—I didn’t want my friend or my therapist to try to talk me out of it.

Weeks later, when I began to emerge from the abyss, I kept my silence because I felt ashamed, and later still, I added guilt to the shame—I had betrayed the trust of both my friend and my therapist.

I tried to rationalize my lie-by-omission: I told myself that I could never really take my life, that I didn’t have it in me.

But in some corner of my mind there must have been doubt mixed with the rationalization because a few days later I decided to discuss antidepressants with my therapist. She agreed with my friend: it was time to consider meds.

Until the brain bleeds, I was averse to pill popping. I took painkillers for my migraines and antibiotics for bacterial infections—no other medications. After the bleeds, I started taking blood-pressure meds (Verapamil) to cut back on the chances of another bleed and anti-seizure meds (Lamictal). I was concerned about messing with my body chemistry, and worried about drug interactions—I wanted to avoid medications that listed seizures as a possible side effect. Given my concerns, my therapist sent me to a psychiatrist who specialized in psychopharmaceuticals.

I wasn’t sure whether there was a viable solution within my comfort zone, but the answer turned out to be straightforward: the psychiatrist suggested simply increasing my daily dose of Lamictal. Anti-seizure meds not only prevent seizures; they also act as mood stabilizers and are often used to combat depression and bipolar disorder.

My psychiatrist conferred with my neurologist, who, concerned about adverse reactions to the Lamictal, was firm about capping my daily dose at 600 milligrams. My psychiatrist, determining that my depression was severe, decided to increase the dose directly from the 400 milligrams I was on to 600 milligrams, instead of ramping up in increments, which is the standard procedure.

I responded well to the increase. Feeling like myself once again, I realized just how badly off I’d been. Like my cousin, my student, and my friend, I too had major issues. Except that I really wasn’t like them—my issues were temporary. Once my brain healed, my depression would be over, and I’d be able to get off the meds.

It took a good four years and a couple of trial runs with lowered dosages before I managed to fully shrug off that piece of denial.

A decade later, I’m still on antidepressants, for good reason.

This depression isn’t “situational.” Good friends and therapy help me survive, but they aren’t enough. The bleeds and surgeries changed my neurochemistry. These changes are real, and they’re here to stay. The meds are here to stay, too.

This guest article originally appeared on the award-winning health and science blog and brain-themed community, BrainBlogger: In and Out of the Abyss: Depression After Brain Surgery.



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I Think I Might Have Something Wrong with Me and I Haven’t Told Anyone about It

I think I might have something wrong with me, but I don’t think anyone will believe me because i’m young and a girl.

I’ll start with my family. My parents are always yelling at me nowadays, mostly over really stupid things like me “talking in the wrong way”, or “having an attitude”. They criticize me for everything and i’m starting to feel that in their eyes I don’t exist in the right way. My father constantly invalidates me and my mother. He says that I don’t own anything and when I say something’s mine he’ll laugh and say “no, you bought it with my money”. He says that I live in his house and everything in his house is his, since he paid for it. He doesn’t let my mom make any decisions relating to money because she doesn’t have a job, and by extension he ends up discarding her decisions.

My mom isn’t a saint though, she compares me to my dad when she’s mad at me even though she constantly says bad things about him. When she’s mad she teats me like i’m my dad; she’ll give me the silent treatment and withhold affection, say that I never listen or do anything, she blackmails me by talking about how mean I was to her when I was little and how bad I made her feel and how crappy I was to everyone as a preteen.

Anyway, when my parents say things that hurt my feelings, I just sorta blank out. Like I stare into space and become really numb to my surroundings. I’ll get into these moods sometimes, where I feel like i’m a stranger in my own body. Lately i’ve had this feeling almost everyday and it scares me because I don’t know if it’s normal or not. It’s Like, I look at my hands and I just don’t recognize them, or I look in the mirror and don’t know if it’s supposed to be me there, because that person isn’t me. Other times I worry that i’m taking on the traits of someone else, like I’m being taken over by someone else. Sorry for talking so much, I just had to get this out. Thank you for listening. (From the USA)

A:  Such a shame your parents don’t treat you well and that you are made to feel so bad in their presence. The disconnection feelings of not recognizing your own body is a way you are trying to cope with the situation. Sometimes when there is too much negativity happening people zone out, depersonalize and dissociate from the situation. What is important here is that you are aware you are doing it and know that something not okay is happening.

I’d recommend you talk to your guidance counselor about what you are feeling. He or she is in a good position to help you and make recommendation about what can be done to help your family understand your needs. You’ve taken a great first step by emailing us here. I’d take the next step and bring this response back to your counselor to begin the conversation.

Wishing you patience and peace,
Dr. Dan
Proof Positive Blog @ Psych



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Massage Helps Treat The Most Common Mental Health Problem

The latest research could be a step up in the evidence for massage therapy.

• Try one of PsyBlog's ebooks, all written by Dr Jeremy Dean:



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How Your Shoes Reveal Your Personality

What message are your shoes sending to the world about your personality?

• Try one of PsyBlog's ebooks, all written by Dr Jeremy Dean:



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3 More Things That Keep Us Lonely

In a recent article, I discussed three things that may keep us lonely: Being critical of others, our tendency to shame people, and believing that we should be perfect. Here are some additional reasons we may find ourselves feeling isolated.

Fear of Taking Risks

If we hold the unrealistic belief that we should be perfect, we may be unwilling to do anything that might expose our imperfections. We may be so paralyzed by the fear of failing that we won’t take steps that might alleviate our loneliness. We might think, “Yeah, I should go out more or write a personal ad for a dating site… and some day I’ll get around to it.” But that day never comes.

Or, we may think about asking someone out on a date — or even just meeting someone as a friend or potential friend — but we can’t bear the prospect of a negative response. We may hear “no” as a personal rejection and conclude that we’re flawed. Being overwhelmed by fear and shame, a more benign interpretation may not occur to us, such as their life is too busy or they’re not seeking new friendships.

Rather than take an intelligent risk to reach out, we may procrastinate. We cling to what is known, rather than risk possible rejection and failure. We may find a curious comfort in what is familiar, even though it keeps us painfully isolated and disconnected.

The Fear of Feeling Shame and Embarrassment

Underlying our fear of risk-taking may be a fear of feeling shame or embarrassment. We don’t want to look bad in someone else’s eyes — or in our own eyes. Toxic shame, the belief or feeling that we’re flawed or a failure, is one of the most painful human emotions.

Toxic shame is so painful that we’ll do almost anything to avoid it. Or more accurately, there are many things we won’t do in order to sidestep the prospect of experiencing shame. We won’t reach out to people, we won’t engage in new enterprises, and we won’t put ourselves in situations where we might not do well. Without a guarantee of success, we’re reluctant to expose ourselves to possible embarrassment or humiliation.

But of course, life offers no guarantees. Without a willingness to take informed risks and face possible rejection or failure, we remain paralyzed, thereby perpetuating our loneliness and isolation.

We need to realize that even if we’re rejected, it doesn’t mean we are a reject or that something is wrong with us. Our challenge and inner work is to inwardly hold ourselves with dignity and respect regardless of whatever outside events befall us.

The Fear of Being Vulnerable

Taking risks that might move us toward satisfying relationships and a more fulfilling life means being willing to be vulnerable. If we reach out to someone, we may not get a rousing response. Being vulnerable means accepting that we don’t always get what we want. A part of life is feeling sad or disappointed sometimes. That’s just the human condition.

The good news is that we can learn to have a more friendly and accepting relationship with these feelings, perhaps through the help of a psychotherapist.

Moving toward a less lonely, more connected life means cultivating resilience. It means finding the inner strength to say “yes” to ourselves when others say “no” to us. It requires affirming our worth and value regardless of how others respond to us.

This is the practice of self-love: valuing ourselves and developing the capacity to rest comfortably in our body and being as we venture out into an uncertain world. We come to trust that we can take a breath and affirm that we’re ok just as we are. As psychologist Carl Rogers put it,

“The curious paradox is that when I can accept myself just as I am, then I can change”.

Being Friendly with Ourselves

We experience the world as a friendlier place as we become more friendly with ourselves. As we trust ourselves to deal with life as it unfolds, we can take more risks to be vulnerable. We can extend our hand to others with courageous vulnerability, knowing that if we’re not met with a positive response, we can feel good knowing we tried… and move toward those who might be more receptive.

Most of us feel at least a little lonely sometimes. If we can hold ourselves with gentleness as we experience our loneliness, it may begin to shift. And as we ask ourselves, “What would feel like a small step forward with this loneliness?” we might feel moved toward some action that may help us feel more connected.

If you like my article, please consider viewing my Facebook page and books below.



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Ketamine Infusions: They Didn’t Help Me But They Could Help You

Ketamine infusions are one of the latest treatments available for treatment resistant depression. There are many hospitals and research centers offering free or fee for service treatments in order to gather data to support FDA approval as well as insurance approval.

My personal experience involves having ketamine infusions at one of the best psychiatric and research-based hospitals in the country. They are collecting every bit of data involving what happens to the patient prior to each treatment, during the infusion as well as post-treatment. I always felt in good hands and felt grateful to be receiving the treatment at a teaching hospital.

My first infusion was an interesting experience. After a few minutes passed once the infusion began I felt as if my body was not actually present but I was aware of my surroundings. I then became more talkative than I had been for months due to my severe depression. I commented to one of the doctors about that and he told me that it happens to some patients. That first infusion felt weird but positive. I came out of the treatment room and went to my husband in the waiting room and just said, “now that was an interesting experience!”

Unfortunately, the next six treatments were not comfortable or “interesting.” During each infusion, I cried, I sobbed as all of my negative thoughts and feelings were magnified dramatically. It felt uncomfortable and upsetting as I was aware that I was there to feel better. The staff was stellar though from the ones collecting data to the doctors and nurses. They would check on me, provide more tissues and ask if I was okay. There was one time when my nurse came over and asked if I was okay and I turned the question around and asked her, “am I okay?” She instantly held my arm and said “you are okay and I am right here with you.” I will never forget that.

The one positive that resulted from the infusions was that I felt a bit more focused in my thinking. Unfortunately, they did not help improve my mood or my inner pain.

While I had to pay for the first four treatments, the price differential as compared to the smaller private ketamine clinics was worth it. My research into the cost of ketamine infusions at these private clinics revealed costs ranging from $475 to $550 per infusion. I paid approximately 60% more than that per treatment (I paid for four infusions) and then received 3 infusions for “free” which was a huge help as my husband and I did not have the funds for the four infusions I received but we were quite desperate as I was extremely ill. Again, as I am partial to receiving my health care services at large teaching and research-based institutions I always felt safe and was fully aware of the numerous staff present during each infusion. There were usually 3-4 medical doctors, 3-4 nurses and then 2 research staff who went through questionnaires before and after each infusion and also conducted cognitive testing before the first infusion and in the middle of my treatments. I was worried about staffing at the smaller private clinics even though the cost was much lower but I do not have any regrets.

I do not feel angry that these infusions did not help me and I know from talking with the doctors that they are seeing a dramatic number of patients with treatment resistant depression helped by the ketamine infusions and that is very positive. For those of us with treatment resistant depression, we are desperate for more options. I have had positive effects from ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) and mixed results from TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation). I have tried many medications from many classes of drugs. I am thankful to research centers at hospitals such as The Depression Research Program at Yale-New Haven Hospital, the Department of Psychiatry at Columbia University Medical Center as well as The Depression Clinical and Research Program at Mass General Hospital all of whom have current studies in progress in order to gain the necessary FDA approval which will help launch insurance approval.

While I am in recovery from this major depressive episode due to beginning an anti-depressant in a class I have never tried, I am thankful that ketamine is out there for patients like me. Having depression is difficult enough but when medications and other approved treatments do not help to alleviate one’s symptoms, there must be alternatives. My hope is that with the data being gathered on a daily basis by these research institutions that the FDA will approve ketamine use for the treatment of depression. Since it is not yet approved there is a huge cost involved for the patient unless one can become part of a particular study where the fee is waived. This is not a cheap treatment. As I stated earlier, my husband and I were desperate and decided we would figure out how to pay for the infusions as I was so severely ill. We did not have the funds readily available. I would not wish that financial burden on anyone, especially someone who is already dealing with such an unforgiving illness.

Ketamine infusions did not help me recover from my treatment resistant depression but they truly may help you.



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Am I a Sociopath?

From the U.S.: Alright, I am a male just shy of thirty. When I was fourteen years old I began having severe anxiety and have dealt with OCD since I was a child. I realize that OCD enables us to imagine things, which may be the case here. I have an uncle that is a psychopath. I realize that psychopaths aren’t wired to feel anxiety or irrational thinking, which, the anxiety alone would preclude me from possibly being a psychopath, but am still worried about the possibility of sociopathy.

There are a host of reasons that I feel I am not antisocial/a sociopath, which consist of: 1). I have never mistreated animals. I love animals and have several pets. 2). I have never engaged in truancy, arson, skipping school, running away from home, destruction, never stolen anything, 3) I have never had any problems with the law or felonies or misdemeanors. 4) I was always obedient and never argued with teachers, professors or superiors, 5) I have never intentionally hurt anyone on purpose, 6) I feel I have a conscience because one time when I took my frustrations out on someone else I felt badly for mistreating them.

Now, the reasons that I am scared I might be consist of: Since I was a kid I have always been a liar, which I still am. I never intended to lie to hurt anyone. My lying has always been because I have had low self-esteem and lied about my accomplishments or to make myself look better. Or lied to my parents about my grades so they wouldn’t be angry with me. My motivation for lying and unfortunately, continuing to do so, has been either because I am ashamed to admit the truth about myself or to keep others from being angry with me or to avoid facing something that worries me.

I do feel I have a conscience because it has bothered me over things I have done, but unfortunately, my conscience doesn’t bother me as much as it should about lying. I do want to stop lying now, which hopefully means I am not a sociopath. But, I have done unbelievable things through lying and deceit. In fact, one time I made a facebook profile and had pseudo friends to appear popular and well liked, and ha lf of what was posted was a lie. I know aliases, are part of sociopathy, but am hoping that use of aliases in sociopathy pertains to frauding others, and not for my motivation which was to look popular or appear to have friends. I have also been irresponsible at times, which I hope doesn’t pertain to following a life plan. I am a college graduate and have plans for graduate school.

The other thing that concerns me is I know sociopaths/psychopaths have “dead” eyes. From the time I was a kid until about 25, my eyes looked caring in pictures. I haven’t taken any recent pics, but took a few the other day, now at almost 30 with a cell phone, and my eyes looked empty and detached. Not sure if that’s an effect of the old flip phone camera or what, but am concerned with my history of lying and deceit, and possible empty eyes that I could be?

Any insights would be helpful since I cant stop worrying about this.

A: Thank you for writing. You’ve got yourself in quite a painful spin. Let’s see if I can help.

From what you wrote, I don’t think you are a sociopath. I do think you are averse to conflict, that you have limited social skills and that you suffer from low self-esteem. The combination has led you to develop a “cover” for yourself; an alternative reality of someone who is socially skilled and has high self-esteem. As you are finding, it is very, very difficult to keep such a cover going. Lies have a way of coming undone. Sometimes it may even be difficult for you to know when you are lying to yourself.

Fortunately, this is all fixable but you probably can’t do it on your own. (If you could, you would have done it long ago.) I highly recommend that you get into therapy with a licensed mental health counselor. Bring your letter with you to the first session. It is an articulate and honest description of the problems. With the support and advice of a counselor, you can develop a high enough self-esteem and become more confident in your social skills so you won’t need the deceptions.

Please — give yourself the gift of a course of therapy. You are obviously smart. Writing here was a good first effort. now keep it going. Get on the phone today and find yourself the help you need.

I wish you well.
Dr. Marie



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Best of Our Blogs: October 31, 2017

We all struggle with fear, which makes taking on a new persona for a night, going to a Haunted House or watching scary movies fun. It transforms what’s terrifying into something light. It puts us in a seat of power by giving us an opportunity to dress up as fear.

Are you watching a Halloween comedy, wearing a costume or finding another way to put fear in its place?

How about learning how to really be assertive, kicking loneliness on its head and imagining what your future would be like married to a narcissist?

These tips of courage will stay with you long after the candy is gone.

Happy Halloween!

The 5 Skills of Assertiveness – And How to Get Them
(Childhood Emotional Neglect) – If you think assertive only means, “standing up for yourself,” you’re half right. Here’s what you’re missing and how it can impact the way you communicate.

Love Bombing is the Gateway Drug to Love Addiction
(Liberation After Narcissistic Abuse) – You got trapped on a roller coaster romance with a narcissist. Here’s why and what you can do about it.

When You Feel Lonely
(Make a Mess: Everyday Creativity) – When you’re craving connection, these creative tips can help soothe feelings of loneliness.

10 Ways to Show Support for Someone after a Trauma
(The Exhausted Woman) – What do you say to someone after they’ve suffered a trauma? As these steps show, sometimes what you do is more important than what you say.

What to Expect When you Marry a Narcissist
(The Recovery Expert) – Yikes! This list will make you think twice about getting romantically involved with a narcissist.



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Smiles of reward, affiliation, and dominance.

From Martin et al.:

Abstract
The human smile is highly variable in both its form and the social contexts in which it is displayed. A social-functional account identifies three distinct smile expressions defined in terms of their effects on the perceiver: reward smiles reinforce desired behavior; affiliation smiles invite and maintain social bonds; and dominance smiles manage hierarchical relationships. Mathematical modeling uncovers the appearance of the smiles, and both human and Bayesian classifiers validate these distinctions. New findings link laughter to reward, affiliation, and dominance, and research suggests that these functions of smiles are recognized across cultures. Taken together, this evidence suggests that the smile can be productively investigated according to how it assists the smiler in meeting the challenges and opportunities inherent in human social living.
From the text:
Extant research on smiles, as well as the descriptions of play, threat, and submissive expressions in primates, provide some hints about the possible stereotypical appearances of reward, affiliation, and dominance smiles. In humans, a data-driven approach was recently used to investigate the dynamic patterns that convey each of the three social-functional smile meanings to receivers. The researchers combined computer graphics and psychophysics to model the facial movements – or, action units (AUs) – that, in combination with the zygomaticus major, are perceived to communicate reward, affiliation, and dominance. Specifically, on each of 2400 trials, bilateral or unilateral zygomaticus major plus a random sample of between one and four other facial AUs were selected from a set of 36. The dynamic movement of each AU was determined by randomly specifying values of each of six temporal parameters. The facial animation was then presented on one of eight face identities. Participants rated the extent to which each animation matched their personal understanding of a display signaling reward, affiliation, or dominance.
Methods of reverse correlation were used to quantify facial movements that predicted the ratings. Results showed that eyebrow flashes – involving the inner and outer brow raiser – and symmetry of contraction of the zygomaticus major were rated as rewarding by participants. In addition to the facial actions that signaled reward, ratings of affiliation were predicted by activation of the lip pressor; one of the smile control movements. Finally, faces that displayed unilateral, asymmetrical activation of zygomaticus major and AUs known to be related to disgust including the nose wrinkler and upper lip raiser were perceived as more dominant.


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The Devilish Side of Psychiatry




The devil always experienced malicious pleasure in imposing himself in neuropsychiatric nosology


Olry and Haines (2017) published a mischievous article in the Journal of the History of the Neurosciences:
Having an inquiring mind by nature, the Devil always managed to interfere in all spheres of human activity, including the sciences. ... Biologists use an enzyme called “luciferase” — Lucifer has been described as the “light-bearing” fallen angel, hence the bioluminescence — to spot certain proteins by chromogenous reactions (Lodish et al., 2005, p. 92). ...

But how did the Devil get a foot — of course cloven (!) — into the door of the neurosciences?

Demonic possession plays an important role, of course, even in modern day psychiatric nosology (see the debate over Possession Trance Disorder in DSM-5). Does it make any sense to use DSM-5 (or DSM-IV) criteria to diagnose spirit possession across cultures? Transcultural psychiatry takes a much more inclusive and sensitive approach to such phenomena, which are often precipitated by trauma.

Olry and Haines (2017) avoid this literature entirely and suggest that:
The concept of demonic possession has been mainly of theological (Omand, 1970; Balducci, 1975; Rodewyk, 1988; Amorth, 1999, 2002; Bamonte, 2006; Fortea, 2006, 2008) and/or historical concern (Villeneuve, 1975; Pigin, 1998; Kelly, 2010; Kiely & McKenna, 2007).  ...
Although conservative theologians might not question the reality of diabolical possession (see Haag, 1969; Cortès & Gatti, 1975, for the few exceptions), many psychiatrists and psychologists admit being interested in the concept though, of course, not declaring themselves in favor of a supernatural etiology...

But being diabolical sorts themselves, the authors namedrop and show off their autographed copy of The Exorcist.



Figure 1. Title page of William Peter Blatty’s The Exorcist, with signed dedication by the actress Linda Blair. Author’s (R.O.) copy.



They continue:
However, literature and the movie industry — let’s remember William Peter Blatty’s The Exorcist (Blatty, 1971) (see Fig. 1) and the sociological impact of William Friedkin’s screen adaptation two years later (Bozzuto, 1975) — not only generated impassioned movie critics ... but also brought back scientific discussions involving neurosciences and, more specifically, psychology, neurology, and psychiatry (Montgomery, 1976).



Häxan (1922) entire film available at archive.org


Deadly exorcisms have been reported recently in the medical literature, including several cases of Fatal Hypernatraemia from Excessive Salt Ingestion During Exorcism. One 20-year-old woman received a prescription for Prozac to treat her postpartum depression, but her family also advised her to undergo an exorcism. She reportedly drank six glasses of a mixture of 1 kg table salt in a liter of water.

The Church itself involved physicians many centuries ago in the differential diagnosis between possession and mental disease, as exemplified by the 1583 Rheims National Synod:

[Before he undertakes to exorcize, the priest has to inquire diligently about the life of the possessed [. . .], of his health [. . .], because melancholics, lunatics often need much more cures of the physician than the ministry of exorcists.] (Tonquédec, 1948, p. 330)

Physicians, and in actual fact, clinical neuroscientists, then had to name a phenomenon — nosology oblige — about which most did not believe.


The Devil's Influence Over Neuropsychiatry – “some lexicological compromises”
...neuropsychiatrists sometimes allow themselves the use of theological concepts (e.g., possession, diabolical, demonological), provided that an additional term — medical or not — grants them a little more scientific credibility. This addition may be “neurosis” (demonological neurosis: Hélot, 1898; Freud, 1923), “psychosis” (diabolical possession psychosis: Lhermitte, 1944), “delirium” (diabolical possession delirium: Gayral, 1944; Delay, 1945), “syndrome” (possession syndrome: Yap, 1960), “phenomenon” (phenomenon of possession: Bron, 1975), “state” (possession state: Wittkower, 1970), or “experience” (possession experience: Pattison, 1969, p. 323).

Or sometimes the patient may feel like they are literally in hell.



Self-Portrait in Hell, by Edvard Munch (1903)




Reference

Olry R, Haines DE. (2017). The devil always experienced malicious pleasure in imposing himself in neuropsychiatric nosology. J Hist Neurosci. 26(3):329-335.


Further Reading

Possession Trance Disorder in DSM-5

Spirit Possession as a Trauma-Related Disorder in Uganda

"The spirit came for me when I went to fetch firewood" - Personal Narrative of Spirit Possession in Uganda

Possession Trance Disorder Caused by Door-to-Door Sales

Fatal Hypernatraemia from Excessive Salt Ingestion During Exorcism

Diagnostic Criteria for Demonic Possession



The Wailing (aka 곡성, , Gokseong)


...and to make your Halloween nightmares complete...




Although it's certainly not for everybody, The Wailing is an amazing film.


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Monday 30 October 2017

Adult Child of an Alcoholic: How Beginner Ballet Helped My Recovery

Who knew activities could be more enjoyable by taking pressure off yourself?

The first time I did a plié, I wanted to die. Not in the literal sense. But in the “how did I not realize this was so hard?” sense. I was drenched in sweat and we hadn’t even gotten through warmups. Welcome to adult absolute beginner ballet.

I’d never taken ballet as a kid, and its reputation for gruff teachers and perfectionism really intimidated me, even as an adult. The image of a stern impossible to please teacher coupled with competitive classmates had kept me away my whole life. Like a lot of people from alcoholic families, I felt I should be an immediate expert in everything I did. Incompetency was dangerous. But I’d always wanted to try ballet, so when an acquaintance posted on Facebook that she was teaching a ballet class that started with the absolute baby basics, I gathered my courage and signed up.

That year, I’d been talking myself into doing new things, even if they scared me. Often I didn’t admit to myself how much they scared me and made up excuses not to do something: “I’m tired. I don’t really have time. I don’t feel like it.” Those are just some of the Adult Child of an Alcoholic excuses I throw at situations that, underneath my I’m-always-fine veneer, give me anxiety. And usually that anxiety is brought on by nothing more than the fact that I don’t know what to expect when I walk in the room.

But those thought patterns had made me miss out on a lot of experiences I’d genuinely wanted to have. I figured if nothing else this ballet class would be good exercise for a running-averse person like me. Mostly, I hoped it might help me have better posture.

And that’s how I found myself frantically googling “do you wear underwear under a leotard?” an hour before my first class. I was nervous about being judged, nervous about being seen, and nervous about taking up space. But there was no backing out now. I’d paid for the class in advance and bought the required ballet shoes, and if there’s one thing I refuse to waste, it’s a little bit of money.

As a child, whenever I’d tried any sort of organized movement, my body suddenly became unfamiliar territory. Choreography overwhelmed me; I tripped over myself, getting lost in the pace of the steps, and the feeling of being watched and evaluated made me self-conscious. I expected immediate perfection and when I didn’t deliver on that impossibility, l felt incredible shame and exposed as a fraud. I feared judgment and criticism and rightfully so. Doing anything that stood out at home meant opening myself up to potential criticism and sometimes ridicule. Making myself small, unseen, and unheard was my survival mechanism — and a successful one, at that. But after years of therapy and going to ACOA meetings, I’d finally learned to question that terrified doomsayer feeling.

So adult me ordered a leotard and ballet shoes and mentally prepared for my first class.

Find out what happened when she stepped out of the house and into her first beginner ballet class in the original article How a Beginner Ballet Class Strengthened My ACOA Recovery at The Fix.



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How Do I Know if My Depressed Feelings Are Situational?

Hi, I have been feeling depressed for a long time now (I am not officially diagnosed, but I identify with a lot of the symptoms) and it is affecting my studies. i think university (stress, having no passion towards my degree, feelings of inadequacy) is a very huge trigger. I had sought help in the student services department, and my advisor had said that whatever I am feeling was circumstantial, that it would get better once I am graduate.

My question is, how do I know if it is circumstantial like they said, or if I actually have a problem? It is difficult to determine, since I study broad and live in some student accommodation, so I don’t have a chance to step away from ‘university’ and see how my mood changes, so to speak. I don’t want to be needy or melodramatic, but sometimes I sit in lectures and think about how I would go about killing myself, and feeling sad and hopeless that I would never actually go through with it for various reasons, which I don’t think is normal.

I feel like I am faking it, using a mental illness to justify being behind on deadlines and missing lectures, or that I am merely being dramatic and over-the-top. And yet, sometimes I feel like I can’t handle another minute of everything, that even leaving the dishes out to soak takes too much out of me. I think, ‘oh god, not again’ a lot of the times when I need to do something. I have gotten lax about many things that I used to care about.

I think the advisor thinks I am faking it or being whiny. I don’t judge them for that, they definitely know more than I do, and I think I am faking it too, sometimes. They suggested life coaching, which was very nice and sensible of them, but it shows that they think it is all situational, doesn’t it? Maybe it is, or maybe it is something to do with my brain also. I am very confused.

Thank you. (From the UK)

A:  Thank you for your email. The depth of your understanding and description of the symptoms show how difficult this is for you to cope with. You question is an important one and I am glad you’ve asked it.

Rather than think about a depression as circumstantial or chronic it is often a good idea to think in terms of frequency and intensity. From your description, the frequency and intensity have been increasing. This distress alone is worth looking into treatment. Since you are at the university I would make an appointment with the counseling center. The individuals there are well-trained on evaluating the situation of students and, more importantly, what the best approaches are for treatment. I would highly recommend making the connection to the counselor now and see if you can get some relief as you are finishing up your studies. As you transition the counseling can provide a support base by which you can make your decision about the symptoms improving as your circumstance improves.

Wishing you patience and peace,
Dr. Dan
Proof Positive Blog @ PsychCentral

 



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How Do I Know if My Depressed Feelings Are Situational?

Hi, I have been feeling depressed for a long time now (I am not officially diagnosed, but I identify with a lot of the symptoms) and it is affecting my studies. i think university (stress, having no passion towards my degree, feelings of inadequacy) is a very huge trigger. I had sought help in the student services department, and my advisor had said that whatever I am feeling was circumstantial, that it would get better once I am graduate.

My question is, how do I know if it is circumstantial like they said, or if I actually have a problem? It is difficult to determine, since I study broad and live in some student accommodation, so I don’t have a chance to step away from ‘university’ and see how my mood changes, so to speak. I don’t want to be needy or melodramatic, but sometimes I sit in lectures and think about how I would go about killing myself, and feeling sad and hopeless that I would never actually go through with it for various reasons, which I don’t think is normal.

I feel like I am faking it, using a mental illness to justify being behind on deadlines and missing lectures, or that I am merely being dramatic and over-the-top. And yet, sometimes I feel like I can’t handle another minute of everything, that even leaving the dishes out to soak takes too much out of me. I think, ‘oh god, not again’ a lot of the times when I need to do something. I have gotten lax about many things that I used to care about.

I think the advisor thinks I am faking it or being whiny. I don’t judge them for that, they definitely know more than I do, and I think I am faking it too, sometimes. They suggested life coaching, which was very nice and sensible of them, but it shows that they think it is all situational, doesn’t it? Maybe it is, or maybe it is something to do with my brain also. I am very confused.

Thank you. (From the UK)

A:  Thank you for your email. The depth of your understanding and description of the symptoms show how difficult this is for you to cope with. You question is an important one and I am glad you’ve asked it.

Rather than think about a depression as circumstantial or chronic it is often a good idea to think in terms of frequency and intensity. From your description, the frequency and intensity have been increasing. This distress alone is worth looking into treatment. Since you are at the university I would make an appointment with the counseling center. The individuals there are well-trained on evaluating the situation of students and, more importantly, what the best approaches are for treatment. I would highly recommend making the connection to the counselor now and see if you can get some relief as you are finishing up your studies. As you transition the counseling can provide a support base by which you can make your decision about the symptoms improving as your circumstance improves.

Wishing you patience and peace,
Dr. Dan
Proof Positive Blog @ PsychCentral

 



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Parenting Matters: Is it the Ultimate Goal?

 woman consultantSince women were ‘liberated’ decades ago from the traditional role of homemaker, an internal tug-of-war was declared on parents, especially mothers. Should I stay home with my child or return to work? Can I do both? Unlike many other species biology has created a long dependency period for maximum development of humans.

Margaret Mahler, a psychoanalyst and co-author of the book, “The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant” (1975), tells us, “The biological birth of the human infant and the psychological birth of the individual are not coincident in time.”

She says infants gradually begin to differentiate from the mother in a symbiotic psychological process she refers to as ‘hatching.’ This process begins about the fourth or fifth month to the 36th month and involves the child’s achievement of “separate functioning in the presence of, and with the emotional availability of the mother”1 (my italics).

Not to diminish the significance of early education in a child’s future, academic performance alone should not be considered in isolation from, or at the expense of other developmental needs. In fact, Dr. Peter Cook in “Mothering Matters, The Natural Child Project” (2002) says that, “sensitive, responsive mothering through the early years was the best predictor of social competence at six years, which in turn predicts schooling success.”2

Drawing on a database of more than 75,000 assessments from 2011-2013, a global sample was created by EQ, an organization dedicated to increasing emotional intelligence around the world. The report, The State of the Heart (2014),3 also noted emotional intelligence that encompasses empathy and compassion in young people, is declining in comparison with people over 40 years of age.

Is academic achievement our ultimate goal or is it to raise a happy, healthy adult who is a contributing, compassionate and self-disciplined member of society?  Parents are the first teachers and a nurturing home is the classroom from which they will emerge from their cocoon into the world with fewer stunted or broken wings. Yet we scratch our heads and ask ‘WHY’?

First Bond

It begins with understanding the first bond is the foundation for caring about others throughout life. A safe, secure and stable environment with a consistent caregiver is the necessary prerequisite to a successful learner. John Bowlby with Mary Ainsworth in ‘Attachment and Loss’ (1969-1982),4 have shown, through extensive studies, that attachment in our first relationships is essential in the ability to develop empathy- understanding others’ thoughts and feelings. This lays the foundation for meaningful relationships with others.

And, according to Daniel Goleman in ‘Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ’ (2006),5 children learn fundamental lessons in the family unit that will last for a lifetime. He notes emotional intelligence has proven a better predictor of future success. It profoundly affects all other abilities and is the most critical element in learning how to learn.

The explosion in neuroscience research over these past few decades can now show that these early discoveries in child development are neurologically and biologically based. The Canadian Institute of Child Health in Ottawa in ‘The First Years Last Forever’ (1999, 2008),6 reports the brain at birth is highly underdeveloped. While billions of cells are built into the physical structure, the ‘wiring’ between them will be laid out by environmental stimulation, which triggers a cascade of biochemicals that affect everything from emotions to movement to memory and learning.

Simple interactions like a mother’s touch trigger the neurons to grow and connect into complex systems, and with repetition, become well defined. It shows that our early connections actually change the physical structure of the brain and are the major source of development that includes not only the cognitive part of the brain but the emotional and social as well.

Daniel Siegel, MD, clinical professor of psychiatry at UCLA and author of “Mindsight,” (2010) says, “who we become as adults is shaped by many factors – including genes, chance and experience – in addition to our earliest attachments to our caregivers. But anyone who doubts the influence parents have on their children must deal with these extensive studies of attachment. They clearly demonstrate what parents do matters enormously.”7

Parents share not only their time. They share themselves in their thoughts, feelings, values, beliefs and love. These are conveyed during the formative years through the parent-child relationship, both directly and indirectly and continue through the years.  Development unfolds as nature dictates and no amount of hurrying will change it. The “emotional overload”8 will result in stress, which creates childhood anxiety that can become a permanent part of the brain structure.

Parenting may seem like an ominous sense of responsibility. Many guilt-ridden parents are frequently bombarded by conflicting information about what is best for their children. Guilt is only a symptom that parents care very much about their children, but it also offers opportunity for change. As Maya Angelou says, “When we know better, we do better.”9

Parents matter “…because psychic structure must always be passed from generation to generation through the narrow funnel of childhood… .”10 (Lloyd de Mause)

Sources

  1. Mahler, Margaret; Pine, Fred; Bergman, Anni (1975). The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant, Basic Books, New York, (3,4) (xvii)
  2. Cook, Dr. Peter, Mothering Matters in ‘The Natural Child Project’ (2002) http://ift.tt/2lu0ZMK
  3. http://ift.tt/2fnhRlt
  4. Bowlby, J. (1969-1982) Attachment and loss.Vol.1: Attachment (2nd Ed.) New York: Basic Books
  5. Goleman, Daniel, Emotional Intelligence (2006). Bantam Dell, New York, New York (80).
  6. Canadian Institute of Child Health. (1999, reprinted in 2008). The first years last forever. Ottawa: Canadian Institute of Child Health. Retrieved from http://ift.tt/2lu10jM
  7. Siegel, Daniel J., (2010). Mindsight.New York: Bantam Books: (171)
  8. http://ift.tt/2z2l9Tv.
  9. http://ift.tt/2djnrSe.
  10. DeMause, Lloyd, The Evolution of Childhood, First Rowman & Littlefield, Inc. (2006, Lanham, Maryland 20706 (35).


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What Antidepressants Do To People In The Long Run

Study test if antidepressants really help depressed people feel better in the long run.

• Try one of PsyBlog's ebooks, all written by Dr Jeremy Dean:



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Breaking Up (with a Friend) Is Hard to Do

Breakups are hard. They can be emotionally taxing, stressful and isolating. While we generally attribute the word “break up” to the dissolution of an intimate relationships — a partner, marriage or significant other — breaking up with a friend can be just as hard and lonely.

Reasons for a break up with a partner or significant other may be more clear cut — infidelity, conflicts in values and beliefs or mistreatment, but we sometimes have trouble determining whether it makes sense to break up with a friend.

Friendships can naturally fizz out — circumstances such as a move and life transitions like marriage or children, can cause friendships to phase out. But how do you know when it’s necessary to break up with a friend? Below are some red flags to help identify whether a particular friend is contributing to your well-being as well as meeting your emotional needs.

Your Friend Is Toxic

A toxic person is manipulative or controlling and unsupportive.  If you feel that there is constant drama in your relationship, or the other person must have control – for example, always picking the restaurant or deciding on the plans, then they may be causing a relationship imbalance.  This type of friend can contribute to anxiety or dread because any sort of interaction with them may mean that you are putting your emotional needs or interests second.  

They Are Up in the Stands and Not in the Arena

Brene’ Brown in her book Daring Greatly talks about those in your life who can be separated by being “in the arena with you” and those “in the stands.”  Friends with whom you feel constantly judged or criticized can be classified as a relationship in the stands.” This type of friend makes you feel “less than” by using words such as “I would” or “you should” and are on the sideline telling you how to live your life or what you are doing wrong. Brene’ says that you need someone who is with you in the arena who is “willing to pick you up and dust you off when you get your butt kicked.” You may realize as you are assessing the strength of a particular friendship that that person is always in the stands.

There Is a Breach of Trust

Being vulnerable with someone can be a very hard thing.  But in a strong relationship, vulnerability happens when you feel emotional safe and supported.  However, if your trust is broken by a friend in the form of gossip, breach of confidentiality or feeling dismissed or unsupported when expressing feelings or emotional needs, you may begin to rethink the future of your friendship.

Many years ago, I broke up with a friend — a friend I had known for a long time, with whom I had transitioned through many life events. As we got older, the trajectory of our lives changed, as well as our value and belief systems, which is normal and part of life. However, I began to realize that I didn’t feel good about myself when I spent time with her. I felt judged and criticized and there was constant anxiety about our interactions. After a particularly negative conversation, I broke up with her.  It didn’t end well. My babbling excuse for distancing myself and trying to explain and express how I felt were dismissed and I was made to feel crazy and irrational for wanting a different type of relationship, one of empathy and unconditional love. I grieved and mourned that relationship for a long time, blaming myself for the demise of that friendship. But as the years wore on, I began to realize that the shame and blame I was feeling were the remnants of the imbalance in the relationship.  The end of that friendship was indicative of the relationship as a whole, dismissive, judge-y and critical and left me feeling lost and lonely. I now know that relationship and the ultimate break up was necessary for my self-worth and recognizing I was deserving of an equal friendship, where no one person gets more out of the other.

Yes, breaking up is hard to do. But it makes room for deeper and fulfilling connections with those from whom you deserve comfort, compassion and unconditional positive regard.

References:

Brown, B. (2012). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent, and lead. New York: Gotham Books.



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Self-Help Techniques for Managing Stress Levels

Stress can cause havoc in our lives if we don’t take steps to manage the symptoms. Increased levels of stress and worry can affect your body, your thoughts and feelings, along with your behaviors. Each person can experience stress-related symptoms in a different and unique way. It often targets the weakest part of your physiology and character. For example, if you’re prone to acne break-outs, then stressful situations/days can cause a flare-up. If you’re known to be grumpy, stress will only make the matter worse.

Luckily, not all is lost and there are certain self-help techniques that are great for managing stress levels. You can practice these suggestions on your own and see if they bring an improvement. If stress is creating unwanted anxiety that is making your life spiral out of control, it may be a good idea to speak with a psychotherapist. A combination of behavioral therapy and practicing self-help techniques is often the key to unlocking a stress-free lifestyle.

Decreasing Stress Naturally

  • Become aware of your stressors – do certain situations trigger your body’s stress response? By being aware of what triggers you to be stressed out, worried, and anxious, you can learn to manage these feelings and emotions.
  • Learn to reverse the stress response – once you’re aware of what’s happening to your body, you can decrease stress naturally. Try relaxation breathing or meditation. Staying in the “now” is the cornerstone of practicing mindfulness which can bring a sense of purpose and balance into your life.
  • Take care of yourself physically – one of the best natural stress relievers is physical activity. You don’t have to be a professional bodybuilder to reap the benefits. A brisk walk (or jog) in the fresh air a few times a week has endless health benefits, including reducing stress. If you enjoy playing a sport, try doing it more often and begin to feel better from the cardio-based activity.
  • Think positively  – Make an inventory of which areas of your life could use improvement, and which aspects bring joy and happiness. This way, you can figure out if there is a healthy balance, and what you need to work on. The happier you are, the less stressed you’ll be!
  • Meditation – a natural way of calming down and relaxing is engaging in medication and mindfulness. This could be as simple as focusing on your breathing in a quiet environment for ten minutes to as complex as going to the beach and becoming conscious of your surroundings.
  • Music therapy – listening to your favorite songs can have a soothing effect and melt away stress with every note.

These are just a few of the many self-help techniques for managing stress levels that can be helpful. Stress-relieving benefits accumulate over time, so don’t become discouraged if you don’t see immediate results. It’s important to be proactive with your well-being so you can avoid the negative effects of unwanted stress, worry, and anxiety.

When we’re dealing with stress, we can lose control of our thoughts and behaviors and preoccupy ourselves with the stressful situation. This can bring negative consequences and impact your ability to calm down.

You’re Always in Control

Stressors are situations that cause stress to create a negative reaction in our lives. An overwhelming work schedule could be too much to handle and in turn cause an increase of stress levels. If you’re dealing with a rocky relationship and your significant other is always on your mind – that can cause stress and worry. It’s important to remember that you’re in control of your thoughts and behaviors.

When you’re feeling overwhelmed, it’s a good idea to set back and do some breathing exercises or take a five minute break. A quick breather will refocus you on the task at hand and lower the anxiety that is stressing you out. Feelings of dread or impending doom can strain a person to the point of breaking down and this ties in with stress levels as well. If your life is unmanageable because of the anxiety, stress, and worry, it could be a good idea to speak with a therapist.

In cases where the stress overpowers the ability to function normally, self-help techniques may not be enough to control and manage the symptoms. A popular method for treating stress and anxiety is called exposure and response prevention therapy.

Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is one of the most researched and effective treatments for stress and anxiety disorders.  It is based on the premise that if you are afraid of something, you must face that fear in order to learn that you can handle it.  Avoiding what you fear maintains or increases your anxiety and often generalizes to other situations which lead to new fears, anxieties and avoidance.

Exposure and Response Prevention is based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The concept behind CBT is that there are three contributing factors: the way you think, the way you feel, and the way you behave. While many therapies will focus “only on the way you think and feel,” with Exposure and Response Prevention the behavior becomes the main focus when it comes to an anxiety disorder because behavioral change is the true and most meaningful measure of whether or not a person is still anxious.  It is through learning how to face your fears and practicing  in real-life situations that your anxiety decreases and can eventually extinguish altogether.



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I Don’t Have the Number of Friends I’d Like

From Australia: For a long time I’ve found it difficult to make friends despite trying really hard (joining many things where I have ongoing contact with the same people, local things, initiating further contact etc). Work is a difficult option given commuting distance and hierarchies I’m at the bottom of.

I’ve undergone extensive therapy to find out why and do something about it but therapists haven’t been able to find a reason, I do not have a personality disorder or mental health condition not even social anxiety. I score average in personality tests. My only issue is that I come across as “quiet” as I’m softly spoken but have been advised there’s no way I can make my voice louder without straining it. Some do have an issue that I don’t have an attendant partner and don’t have children.

I’ve kept my spirits up by using CBT eg remind self we all go through this, just have to keep trying and it will happen. And I’ve kept trying by joining new things to the point that people now comment on I do a lot.

I do have a few friends which I’m happy about. But it’s always good to keep meeting new people and making new friends as people do move on. I dread ever having to move from my current area (expensive) given it would take years to build friendships in a new area.
It’s so discouraging seeing others including those with similar personality types and even those who can be quite nasty easily making friends whilst I put in so much time and effort.

It seems to be a sign of the times where more and more are finding this whilst others have no time to admit new people into their lives.
It seems I need to come to some type of acceptance about my situation and somehow need to manage with less people in my life even though I’m social. I’m happy to continue with ongoing activities but want to manage the disappointment of friendships not developing from these. How do I go about this as I do not want to undergo any more therapy for a problem I don’t have or doesn’t appear fixable.

A: I think you are correct. Your problem isn’t that you don’t have enough friends. The problem may be that you have set a standard for “enough” that isn’t realistic. You say you have a few friends. You say that you keep meeting people and that you are involved in many activities. That suggests to me that you in fact know a lot of people who know who you are but you don’t think you have enough close friends in your inner circle.

We live in a time when people have hundreds of “friends” on social media and where stories in movies and TV shows seem to indicate that life should be populated by many, many people being involved in our lives. It may be some comfort to you to know that research doesn’t support it.

You are in your 50s. Most people your age have 3 – 5 really good friends in addition to a few extended family members who are important in their lives. Think of types of relationships as being like an archery target. The middle bullseye is you. The next circle is that 3 – 5 good friends and family. The next circle out is for acquaintances and work people — people you see regularly who know you a bit but they aren’t people you would confide in. Beyond that is a circle of people you recognize from your community or church, etc., but don’t relate to other than a smile of recognition or a wave. The next circle is populated by strangers.

It is also true that when we reach adulthood, it is harder to make friends than it is for young people. Adults often already have enough friends and family members to keep track of. Friendships take time to develop and maintain. Often people’s lives are so packed with work, family obligations and personal stresses that there simply isn’t time to take in a new friend, even if they would very much like to.

I think you should focus on maintaining the friends you have and getting other social needs met by continuing to engage in activities and work that you enjoy. Perhaps some of those relationships will evolve naturally. But I do want you to know that having a few good, good friends puts you well within what is normal.

I wish you well.
Dr. Marie



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Bouncing Back: Resilient Thrivers Tell Their Stories

This is the first in a series of articles about people who have survived life challenges that they never anticipated. For each of them, the unexpected brought lessons and skills that have helped them to move from victim to survivor to thriver.

Albert Borris is a 58-year-old man who lives in the Philadelphia suburb of Moorestown, New Jersey. For three decades, he worked as a Student Assistance Counselor in a high school setting, guiding young people who were facing psychological and addiction oriented challenges. According to his colleagues and those whose lives he touched; likely thousands over the years, he was superb at his job. He is the father of three children; two young sons and a daughter who is following in her father’s footsteps professionally; now in graduate school earning her Masters of Social Work. He is also the author of the young adult novel, called Crash Into Me which focuses on four troubled teens who make a suicide pact as they take it on the road, visiting the gravesites of celebrities who ended their lives. The characters were composites of students he had worked with and the book; like the man himself, had a stunning positive impact on many. A long-time athlete and adventure traveler, Borris had a physically active life that included rollerblading, bicycling, hiking and running. In his 20’s he attended an Outward Bound training and encouraged me to do it as well. In 1981, I followed his recommendation and engaged in the rigorous experience.

As he was turning 50 and about to go out on a book tour, he experienced a stroke that impacted on him physically and cognitively. The part of the brain that was most dramatically affected is known as Broca area. Damage to that segment causes speech and cognition limitations. In his case, memory was also impeded. With intensive physical therapy, Borris was able to regain his mobility and dexterity. He re-learned to walk, run, roller blade, drive and ride a bicycle. He lives independently and participates in activities with his children. Guitar lessons, gardening, his dogs Bear and Oreo, family and friends are among his joys.

In 2014, he ran in the New York City marathon. He enrolled in an Outward Bound course in his 50’s when he hadn’t done so since his 20’s; to test himself and prove that he still had what it took. What was not fully recouped was his ability to communicate as he once had. As a result, he retired from his beloved job. As a tribute to the importance of his work, when one of his former students (now an adult who pursued a career in teaching) saw on social media that he was raising money for a charity in order to run the marathon, she commented that he had saved her life.

One of the frustrating aspects early on in his recovery was that he needed to learn to speak again, along with his youngest son who was a toddler at the time and learn to read and write again as had his oldest son who was in school back then. These days, the words still evade him at times to communicate what he thinks and feels.

In September of 2017, he fell while roller blading and fractured the hip that he had surgically replaced following the marathon and landed in a rehab. While there, he had a medical crisis and needed to have laparoscopic gall bladdery surgery. His doctor informed him that he would not be able to skate again. His initial reaction was an expletive and then what followed, has become a mantra for him, “Oh, well,” said with a shrug of his shoulders. He has also been incorporating the reminder to breathe as he places his hands in mudra pose and closes his eyes.

Although he was always of a philosophical bent, it is apparent that the stroke has become a teacher in ways that all the years of reading, meditation and other spiritual and psychological practices couldn’t be. I venture a guess, that they may have prepared him for this rug-pulled-out-from under him experience. He is in the process of writing a book about life before and after the medical event that became a pivotal moment. Poignant, sad, heart rending and humorous, it brings the reader to the inner sanctum, much like Jill Bolte Taylor’s book, My Stroke of Insight.

When asked about his journey, he had this say:

What were some of your thoughts at the time of the stroke?

I don’t know. I was asleep for four days. 

What has it taken for you to reinvent your life?

  • balance
  • breathe, constantly breathing
  • honesty, true honesty, not the kind of honesty some other people practice, but brutal honesty, so much so that it turned my life around.
  • gentleness
  • kindness

How can someone in your situation recover emotionally?

Practice guitar. Speech therapy. Rollerblading. Counseling (it all depends on your counselor, good, bad, indifferent). Write, especially write.  Walk.  Take your dogs to the park.

Are there times when you want to give up?

Sure, I want to kill myself, often, but I can’t give up. The kids the neighbors, everybody has a point, I just go through that point, and I live. Sometimes, when people are sad, they take their own lives. I know. I have been at suicidal victims’ funerals. I just can’t go on like that.  Maybe it’s optimistic, maybe, it’s deep depression, and I fight it. Optimism wins. Everybody is going die, sooner or later.

What do you do to keep yourself going?

Breathe, breathe, breathe.

 

For those who have experienced strokes and for their caregivers, The American Stroke Association has a list of support groups.



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Rethinking our conceptions of mental life.

Interesting ideas from Weisman et al.:

Significance
How do ordinary people make sense of mental life? Pioneering work on the dimensions of mind perception has been widely interpreted as evidence that lay people perceive two fundamental components of mental life: experience and agency. However, using a method better suited to addressing this question, we discovered a very different conceptual structure. Our four studies consistently revealed three components of mental life—suites of capacities related to the body, the heart, and the mind—with each component encompassing related aspects of both experience and agency. This body–heart–mind framework distinguishes itself from the experience–agency framework by its clear and importantly different implications for dehumanization, moral reasoning, and other important social phenomena.
Abstract
How do people make sense of the emotions, sensations, and cognitive abilities that make up mental life? Pioneering work on the dimensions of mind perception has been interpreted as evidence that people consider mental life to have two core components—experience (e.g., hunger, joy) and agency (e.g., planning, self-control) [Gray HM, et al. (2007) Science 315:619]. We argue that this conclusion is premature: The experience–agency framework may capture people’s understanding of the differences among different beings (e.g., dogs, humans, robots, God) but not how people parse mental life itself. Inspired by Gray et al.’s bottom-up approach, we conducted four large-scale studies designed to assess people’s conceptions of mental life more directly. This led to the discovery of an organization that differs strikingly from the experience–agency framework: Instead of a broad distinction between experience and agency, our studies consistently revealed three fundamental components of mental life—suites of capacities related to the body, the heart, and the mind—with each component encompassing related aspects of both experience and agency. This body–heart–mind framework distinguishes itself from Gray et al.’s experience–agency framework by its clear and importantly different implications for dehumanization, moral reasoning, and other important social phenomena.


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Sunday 29 October 2017

New Trend: Young Men Prefer a ‘Bromance’ to a Romance

A new study has found that young heterosexual mens’ ‘bromances’ — their close friendships with other men — are more emotionally satisfying than their romantic relationships with women. It appears that young men are confiding in their mates instead of opening up to their female partners, more so than older generations of men.

The study was published in Men and Masculinities1 and showed that of the undergraduate straight men they interviewed for the study, 100% reported having at least one “bromantic” friend with whom they engaged in behaviors such as sharing secrets, sleeping in the same bed, or expressing love. 96% of respondents said they had cuddled with their bromantic partner.

I too have found this phenomena strongly trending among young men I work with in my private counseling practice in Sydney, Australia, where I regularly work with men in relationships.

The rise of the bromance

I think the rise of the bromance is a good thing because it’s a sign that men’s relationships with other men are developing to include greater intimacy, openness, love, and support.

Ten years ago in my counseling practice, only one in 10 young males would have a relationship with a friend that could be called a bromance. Today, six in ten young males I see have formed a bromance they find mutually satisfying. I think this is a startling change that indicates Australian males are leading this worldwide trend.

One of the changes I’ve noticed is young straight men are much more willing to open up and be vulnerable with their close male friends than they are with their girlfriends. Often they feel a mate will less judge them than they will be by their girlfriend.

I think there are a number of factors why this is happening, including; men are less worried about having to conform to the stereotype of the strong, non-emotional man, decreasing homophobia in younger generations, and a growing acceptance by men that it’s okay to express feelings and open up to other males.

Older men can benefit from bromances

This is in stark contrast with the men I work with from older generations who have been conditioned to be tough, resilient, and not ask for support. Seven out of every 10 older men I work with report feeling lonely and isolated or have very few male friends, which can compound mental health issues. Older men can learn a lot from the way younger men are developing nurturing bromances.

Concerned about your partner’s bromance?

Women will need to make sure bromances don’t erode the connection they have with their partner. Young Australian men will still need to cultivate open and loving communication with their female partners to ensure their primary relationship is safe, secure, and has longevity.

If you’re a woman who is concerned about your partner’s bromance, here are my tips for you:

  1. Don’t stop your boyfriend from spending time with their male friends. It’s important to allow your boyfriend to cultivate his bromances. Criticizing him for wanting to have time with the boys can create a source of ongoing conflict and create disconnection in your relationship.
  2. Make sure you prioritize your relationship and spend one-on-one time on a regular basis. Suggest a regular date night, a weekend away, or sharing a hobby or project together.
  3. Each time you greet your boyfriend after time apart, embrace each other with a long, full-body hug. This helps you tune into each other’s bodies, regulate your nervous systems, and feel more connected.
  4. When you have a fight or disagreement, seek to repair the upset as soon we possible. Don’t let disputes remain unresolved for long periods of time.
  5. When you need to raise an issue in the relationship, use the strategy of the ‘soft start-up’. Choose a good time to discuss the issue, check your partner is ready to hear you, use a gentle tone of voice, and maintain good eye contact and frequent touch while you discuss the issue.
  6. Make your partner the ‘go-to’ person for all important news or events that happen in your life. This helps your partner feel valued and know they are the most important person in your life.

Reference:

  1. Stefan Robinson, Adam White, Eric Anderson. Privileging the BromanceMen and Masculinities, 2017; 1097184X1773038 DOI: 10.1177/1097184X17730386


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Is Constant Rummaging Something to Worry About?

This is causing issues w/ 2 family members both w/ diagnosed disorders. My mother is diagnosed with anxiety and is on meds for years, though it doesn’t seem to be severe (her panic attacks are rare, and she socializes quite well). She is currently living with my dad and adult brother, who have both complained in the past how she’d move/take things without informing, so we would spend time looking for things that we’d later find out were just with her. I remember her telling me she took my old cellphone “just in case” – but that was my work phone and I kept it for a reason.

All those years I always let it slide or I’d simply tell her how it’s frustrating to have personal belongings taken or moved around without me knowing. All is fine now since I moved out, but my brother is diagnosed with Bipolar and is on meds as well (has been for years), and she has become the target of his outbursts lately.

This is where it gets worrying. Mom is aging with health issues. He has sent her several long, angry paragraphs about her moving his things, including swearing and complaints about what she did over 10 years ago that he is still upset about. I don’t believe this to be a healthy setup at all, especially with her condition. I’ve never figured out why she continues to do those things especially knowing how her own son is with his mental/emotional issues.

If it’s an important detail, we were extremely sheltered as kids, and I’ll admit it affected me emotionally and mentally. While I always had a gut that my mother had this kind of impulse to rummage, I always chucked it up (even as an adult) as “just being a mother.” I’ve never been able pinpoint that this behavior may be something specific – All I’d get is info about Kleptomaniacs (which she isn’t).

Of course, I don’t blame her for the barrage of angry messages she got from my brother as what he did was no excuse. While my dad and I are trying to get help for our family, I just wish I knew what could be done (for now) for her to stop giving in to this “impulse” so that could at least prevent her from being the target of my brother’s rage. He CAN move out (another story), but this is what we’ve been dealing with. (From the Phillippines)

A:  There are too many things going on within the family for it to simply be a matter of trying to get your mom to stop moving things — and for your brother to calm down. I’d encourage you, your mother, brother and father to have family therapy. These ongoing issues are likely to need an adjustment where the entire family is given the opportunity to work in greater harmony. A family therapist would be a good place to start. From there he or she can make recommendations, which should improve the dynamics within the household.

Wishing you patience and peace,
Dr. Dan
Proof Positive Blog @ PsychCentral



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Is Constant Rummaging Something to Worry About?

This is causing issues w/ 2 family members both w/ diagnosed disorders. My mother is diagnosed with anxiety and is on meds for years, though it doesn’t seem to be severe (her panic attacks are rare, and she socializes quite well). She is currently living with my dad and adult brother, who have both complained in the past how she’d move/take things without informing, so we would spend time looking for things that we’d later find out were just with her. I remember her telling me she took my old cellphone “just in case” – but that was my work phone and I kept it for a reason.

All those years I always let it slide or I’d simply tell her how it’s frustrating to have personal belongings taken or moved around without me knowing. All is fine now since I moved out, but my brother is diagnosed with Bipolar and is on meds as well (has been for years), and she has become the target of his outbursts lately.

This is where it gets worrying. Mom is aging with health issues. He has sent her several long, angry paragraphs about her moving his things, including swearing and complaints about what she did over 10 years ago that he is still upset about. I don’t believe this to be a healthy setup at all, especially with her condition. I’ve never figured out why she continues to do those things especially knowing how her own son is with his mental/emotional issues.

If it’s an important detail, we were extremely sheltered as kids, and I’ll admit it affected me emotionally and mentally. While I always had a gut that my mother had this kind of impulse to rummage, I always chucked it up (even as an adult) as “just being a mother.” I’ve never been able pinpoint that this behavior may be something specific – All I’d get is info about Kleptomaniacs (which she isn’t).

Of course, I don’t blame her for the barrage of angry messages she got from my brother as what he did was no excuse. While my dad and I are trying to get help for our family, I just wish I knew what could be done (for now) for her to stop giving in to this “impulse” so that could at least prevent her from being the target of my brother’s rage. He CAN move out (another story), but this is what we’ve been dealing with. (From the Phillippines)

A:  There are too many things going on within the family for it to simply be a matter of trying to get your mom to stop moving things — and for your brother to calm down. I’d encourage you, your mother, brother and father to have family therapy. These ongoing issues are likely to need an adjustment where the entire family is given the opportunity to work in greater harmony. A family therapist would be a good place to start. From there he or she can make recommendations, which should improve the dynamics within the household.

Wishing you patience and peace,
Dr. Dan
Proof Positive Blog @ PsychCentral



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Here Is What Happens To ‘Cool Kids’ After High School

Cool kids do everything to be popular in high school, but what happens to them after that? 

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Healing from Trauma Boosts Relationship Joy

joy in the new yearTrauma happens. It’s not something people often talk about. Possibly, someone you’ve been getting to know and like, your relationship partner, or your spouse has experienced a horrific life changing event, such as a sudden or violent death or suicide of someone close, physical or sexual abuse, bullying, violence, (domestic or family, war or political), a life-threatening illness, or something else.

Healing takes both time and a willingness to face the trauma, whether it’s old, recent, large, or small. We cannot force readiness to deal with trauma. Each of us has our own timetable, which should be respected.

The Power of Empathic Listening

The best thing you can do as a relationship partner is to be available to listen when the trauma survivor needs to and is ready to talk. We can’t overestimate the power of simply being there for another person, showing quiet empathy. Encouraging remarks, such as “That much have been so hard for you to have gone through _________ (say what the person experienced), or ““I hear you saying this is really hard for you right now,” show empathy.

He (or she) may fear he has burdened or disturbed you by talking about his experience. He’s likely to feel relieved and validated if you thank him for sharing it with you.

Therapy Can Support Recovery

Various therapy approaches help people recover from trauma. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) helps many people heal from the emotional distress resulting from disturbing life experiences. People also benefit from telling their story to a skilled therapist who validates them for having survived and thrive the extent that they have. They gain a sense of wellness and the ability to move forward in life.

How Trauma Affects Close Relationships

If someone with whom you’re involved is haunted by a past traumatic event — or if you are — the strain can cause an avoidance of or decrease in emotional or physical intimacy, isolation, feelings of frustration, anger, confusion, sadness, or increased anxiety. Both partners may feel helpless, argue more frequently, and find it difficult to resolve problems.

How to Respond Constructively

It’s easy to take these behaviors personally. Even if you’re feeling frustrated, avoid criticizing or complaining. It’s better to view the stressed person’s actions as symptoms of a disease from which he hasn’t yet adequately healed.

You may want to “cure” him right now, but that’s not possible. So accept that you cannot fix him.

Also, you might find yourself making assumptions about how the person wants to relate to you. Doing so can put the two of you at cross purposes. It’s much better to ask him how he feels about whatever you’re thinking he might want to do. For example, you might ask if he feels like taking a walk with you, sitting quietly together, or taking space for himself by doing something alone.

Do You Need to Heal?

The need to heal may also apply to you. Hearing about a relationship partner’s trauma might bring forth feelings about a trauma you’ve been through. But put that aside when hearing about his experience, so that you can be fully present for him. Softly, try to let him get it all out. Your story will be for another conversation.

Ideally, healing should be well on the way before you commit to marriage. You don’t want a lifelong relationship with a partner whose symptoms turn your life upside down. But it’s never too late to recover from trauma. You’ll be much happier with someone who’s processed enough of his trauma be a kind, loving partner. If you are still experiencing the aftermath of a traumatic event in your own life, and this is affecting your ability to create a good relationship, this could be the time for you to arrange for healing that’s needed.



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